The Spiritual Heart of Bali
Besakih Temple, often referred to as the “Mother Temple of Bali,” is the island’s most important and largest Hindu temple. Nestled on the slopes of Mount Agung, Bali’s highest and holiest mountain, Besakih is a place of deep spiritual significance, drawing both devotees and tourists alike. This article explores the location, history, and significance of Besakih Temple, while also offering practical information and tips for a respectful visit.
1. The Location of Besakih Temple
Besakih Temple is located in the village of Besakih, in the Karangasem Regency of East Bali. The temple complex is situated at an altitude of approximately 1,000 meters (3,300 feet) on the southwestern slopes of Mount Agung, Bali’s most sacred volcano. The drive to Besakih from Bali’s capital, Denpasar, takes about two hours, covering a distance of around 60 kilometers (37 miles).
The temple’s elevated position on Mount Agung provides stunning panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes, including terraced rice fields, lush forests, and distant coastal areas. This location is not only scenic but also spiritually significant, as Mount Agung is considered the axis of the island’s spiritual power.
2. History of Besakih Temple
Besakih Temple is believed to have been established over 1,000 years ago, making it one of the oldest temples in Bali. The temple’s origins are deeply intertwined with the island’s history and mythology. According to legend, the temple was founded by Rsi Markandeya, a Hindu sage who came to Bali from Java in the 8th century. He is said to have established the first shrine at Besakih after receiving a divine revelation to do so.
Over the centuries, Besakih Temple evolved into a complex of 23 separate but related temples, spread across seven ascending terraces. The main temple, Pura Penataran Agung, is the largest and most important, dedicated to the Hindu trinity of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva. The temple complex has been a focal point of Hindu worship in Bali, serving as the site for numerous ceremonies and rituals.
Besakih’s history is also marked by its resilience. The temple has survived multiple natural disasters, including the eruption of Mount Agung in 1963, which devastated much of the surrounding area. Remarkably, the lava flow stopped just short of the temple complex, which was seen as a miraculous sign of divine protection.
3. Tourist Destination
Besakih Temple is one of Bali’s most visited tourist destinations, attracting visitors from around the world who come to marvel at its grandeur and spiritual significance. The temple complex is a testament to the island’s rich cultural heritage, offering a unique glimpse into Balinese Hinduism.
Visitors to Besakih can explore the temple’s many shrines, pavilions, and courtyards, each with its own unique architectural features and symbolic meanings. The temple’s intricate carvings, statues, and stone gateways reflect the skill and devotion of the artisans who built and maintained the complex over the centuries.
The temple’s location on Mount Agung also makes it a popular spot for those seeking breathtaking views and a serene environment. The journey to Besakih often includes a scenic drive through Bali’s countryside, passing through traditional villages, rice terraces, and forests, making the trip as enjoyable as the destination itself.
4. Things you can’t do at Besakih Temple
Given its sacred status, there are several important rules and customs that visitors must observe when visiting Besakih Temple:
- Entry Restrictions for Menstruating Women: In accordance with Hindu customs, women who are menstruating are not allowed to enter the temple complex. This rule is based on traditional beliefs about purity and is strictly enforced.
- No Entry into Inner Sanctums: While visitors are welcome to explore the temple grounds, entry into the innermost sanctums of the temples is restricted to Balinese Hindus who are participating in ceremonies or rituals. These areas are considered the most sacred and are reserved for religious purposes only.
- No Disrespectful Behavior: Visitors must behave respectfully at all times while at the temple. This includes refraining from loud conversations, running, or engaging in any behavior that could be considered disrespectful to the religious nature of the site.
- No Smoking or Littering: Smoking and littering are strictly prohibited within the temple complex. Visitors are expected to help maintain the temple’s cleanliness and sanctity.
- No Use of Drones Without Permission: Given the temple’s sacred status and the importance of maintaining a peaceful atmosphere, the use of drones is generally not allowed without special permission.
5. What Are the Interesting Things to Do When Visiting?
Visiting Besakih Temple offers a range of interesting activities that allow you to fully appreciate the temple’s spiritual and cultural significance:
- Explore the Temple Complex: Take your time to wander through the temple’s many courtyards, shrines, and pavilions. Each section of the temple has its own unique features, from intricately carved stone gateways to sacred statues and altars. A local guide can provide valuable insights into the symbolism and history of each area.
- Attend a Ceremony: If you’re fortunate enough to visit during one of the many religious ceremonies held at Besakih, you’ll have the opportunity to witness Balinese Hinduism in action. These ceremonies are vibrant, colorful events filled with music, dance, and offerings to the gods. It’s a unique cultural experience that offers a deeper understanding of the island’s spiritual life.
- Enjoy the Panoramic Views: The temple’s location on the slopes of Mount Agung offers some of the most breathtaking views in Bali. From various points within the temple complex, you can see the lush green valleys below, the distant coastline, and on clear days, the outline of neighboring islands.
- Visit the Sub-Temples: In addition to the main temple, Pura Penataran Agung, there are several other sub-temples within the complex, each dedicated to different deities or aspects of Balinese cosmology. Exploring these smaller temples gives you a more comprehensive understanding of the site’s religious significance.
- Photography: Besakih Temple is a photographer’s paradise, with its dramatic architecture, vibrant ceremonies, and stunning natural backdrop. However, always be mindful of the temple’s rules and the sanctity of the rituals being performed.
6. How Much Is the Cost for Entrance in 2024?
As of 2024, the entrance fee for Besakih Temple is IDR 60,000 (approximately USD 4) per adult and IDR 30,000 (approximately USD 2) per child. This fee includes access to the entire temple complex and is used for the maintenance and preservation of the site.
Guided tours are available for an additional fee, typically around IDR 100,000 to IDR 200,000 (approximately USD 7 to USD 14), depending on the duration and depth of the tour. Hiring a guide is highly recommended as it enhances your understanding of the temple’s history, architecture, and religious significance.
7. Tips for a Respectful Experience
Visiting Besakih Temple is a deeply spiritual experience, and it’s important to approach it with respect and mindfulness. Here are some tips to ensure that your visit is respectful and meaningful:
- Dress Modestly: Visitors are required to wear a sarong and a sash when entering the temple complex. These are usually provided at the entrance, but you can also bring your own. Both men and women should ensure that their shoulders and knees are covered.
- Follow Local Customs: Be aware of and respect the customs and rules of the temple. For example, refrain from pointing your feet towards the altars or sacred objects, and avoid stepping over offerings.
- Be Quiet and Respectful: The temple is an active place of worship, so it’s important to maintain a quiet and respectful demeanor. Avoid loud conversations, and be mindful of those who are praying or participating in rituals.
- Hire a Local Guide: Engaging a local guide not only supports the local economy but also enriches your visit with insights into the temple’s history, significance, and the Balinese Hindu practices observed there.
- Respect the Sacred Spaces: Remember that certain areas of the temple are off-limits to non-Hindus, particularly the inner sanctums. Always follow the guidance of temple staff or your guide regarding where you can and cannot go.
Conclusion
Besakih Temple is more than just a tourist attraction; it’s a living, breathing center of Balinese spirituality and culture. From its ancient history and stunning location on the slopes of Mount Agung to its vibrant ceremonies and intricate architecture, Besakih offers a unique and deeply enriching experience for visitors. By following the tips for respectful behavior and immersing yourself in the temple’s rich history and traditions, you can fully appreciate the significance of this remarkable site, often referred to as the “Mother Temple of Bali.”